Ιnguinal rupture (βουβωνοκήλη).
inguinal hernia is a lump that happens in your groin region, the area in between the reduced part of your abdominal area as well as your thigh. Inguinal ruptures happen because of a weakening of the muscles in the lower abdomen.
Three layers protect the intestines inside the reduced abdominal area. The first is a slim membrane layer called the abdominal muscle. The second is composed of the stomach muscles, and the third is your skin.
An inguinal rupture kinds when your intestinal tracts and the abdominal muscle push through the muscle mass as well as look like a lump under your skin. Inguinal hernias threaten because they often tend to keep obtaining larger and also your intestinal tract can obtain caught inside the lump as well as lose its blood supply. This is called a strangulated inguinal rupture, and surgery might be required to remedy the problem.
Truths concerning inguinal rupture.
Inguinal hernias might happen on one or both sides of the body and also are a lot more typical in men than women. An inguinal hernia can show up at any type of age. Babies may be born with one that doesn’t turn up until they end up being adults. Regarding 5 out of every 100 youngsters are born with the condition.
An inguinal hernia can also develop with time if you raise stress on the walls of your abdominal muscles through activities like stressing to visit the shower room, coughing over an extended period, being obese, or raising heavy weights. If you have a family history of inguinal hernia, you might be at a higher threat for one. Babies birthed prior to their due date are likewise at greater danger.
Kinds of inguinal hernia.
Inguinal hernias been available in 2 types:.
Indirect inguinal hernia. This is the most typical type, as well as a type of hernia that you might be born with. Although it can happen in males and females, it is far more usual in guys. This is due to the fact that the male testicle begins inside the abdominal area and has to go down via an opening in the groin location to reach the scrotum (the cavity that holds the testicles). If this opening does not shut at birth, a rupture creates. In women, this type of hernia can happen if reproductive body organs or the small intestine slides right into the groin area due to a weak point in the abdominal muscles.
Direct inguinal hernia. This type of hernia is triggered by weakening of your stomach muscles with time as well as is most likely to be seen in grownups. Direct inguinal hernias happen just in guys.
Symptoms.
The main signs and symptom is a visible bulge in your groin area. In guys, an inguinal rupture may expand down right into the scrotum and cause an enlarged scrotum. Tiny ruptures may relapse and also forth with the opening in the abdominal area and also not trigger any type of symptoms. Larger ruptures might be massaged back right into the abdominal area. Symptoms of ruptures that go back and forth consist of:.
A lump that increases in dimension when you pressure and disappears when you lie down.
Unexpected discomfort in your groin or scrotum when exercising or stressing.
A feeling of weakness, pressure, burning, or aching in your groin or scrotum.
An inguinal hernia that can not be returned right into the abdomen is called a put behind bars rupture. This is an unsafe situation since the part of your intestinal tract inside the rupture can end up being strangulated, which is a medical emergency. Symptoms of a strangulated inguinal hernia consist of:.
Serious pain as well as inflammation.
Discomfort that maintains getting worse.
High temperature.
Rapid heart rate.
Nausea as well as vomiting.
Diagnosis.
Inguinal hernia is usually detected with a case history and physical examination. Your physician will certainly ask you concerns concerning hernia symptoms. During the examination, he or she will try to find as well as feel for a bulge in your groin or scrotal area. You may be asked to stand as well as cough to make the rupture show up. Inguinal ruptures in kids may only be seen or felt when the child weeps.
Inguinal Ruptures in Kid.
Therapy.
The way to repair an inguinal rupture is typically with a surgical procedure. In grownups with small ruptures that don’t cause signs and symptoms, therapy might only be to enjoy it. Adults with symptoms and most children usually have surgery to avoid the possible complication of a strangulated hernia in the future. A jailed or strangulated hernia may require emergency situation surgical procedure.
There are two main sorts of surgical treatment for inguinal hernia:.
Open repair work. An incision is made with the skin in the groin area. The specialist moves the hernia back inside the abdomen as well as closes the abdominal wall with stitches. In some cases, if the opening is big, the surgeon may make use of an artificial (manufactured) mesh to enhance the closure.
Laparoscopy. This sort of surgery utilizes a couple of tiny lacerations and also a thin scope with a little video camera. The specialist resolves the scope to fix the rupture. Synthetic mesh may additionally be made use of in laparoscopic hernia surgical treatment. Recuperation time after laparoscopy might be shorter than for open repair.
Prevention.
There is nothing you can do to prevent an indirect inguinal rupture, the kind you are born with. Direct hernias that happen with time may be protected against with these precautions:.
Learn how to lift hefty objects properly.
Prevent and also, when needed, treat constipation to prevent stressing when having a bowel movement.
Get treatment for any type of consistent cough.
If you are a man with a bigger prostate as well as you stress to pass urine, get treated.
If you are obese, lose the extra pounds.
Taking care of inguinal hernia.
If you have had surgical procedure for inguinal hernia, it is essential to follow all your physician’s instructions and keep your follow-up consultations. Rising and strolling is an important part of recovery as well as aids prevent complications. You can assist to maintain an inguinal rupture from coming back after surgical treatment by staying clear of hefty lifting as well as various other strenuous activity. Ask your medical professional what kinds of activities are risk-free and also when you can go back to function.
If you have a tiny hernia that is being watched or a repaired rupture, take steps to avoid coming to be constipated. Eat lots of fiber, drink lots of liquids, workout, and also go to the bathroom when you really feel the urge.
Call your physician if your inguinal hernia signs and symptoms become worse, as well as always call immediately if:.
You have a painful lump that can not be pushed back within.
You have raising pain, swelling, or redness.
You have queasiness, high temperature, or vomiting in addition to hernia discomfort.
stomach hernia κηλη στη κοιλια
Stomach Wall Hernias.
A rupture occurs when an organ extends through the wall of muscle mass that encloses it. There are several different types of ruptures that can happen in the abdominal and also surrounding locations. These include umbilical hernias, epigastric hernias, incisional hernias, as well as others. For additional information on these details kinds of ruptures, including signs and symptoms and treatment techniques, see listed below.
Types of Abdominal Wall Surface Hernias.
Epigastric Rupture.
An epigastric rupture occurs when a weakened location in the abdominal wall surface permits a little fat to press through. Epigastric ruptures are typically tiny. They occur in the middle of the stubborn belly, in the area in between the stomach button and also the breastbone.
Some individuals create greater than one epigastric hernia at a time. These ruptures generally don’t cause symptoms, however you may experience discomfort in your top stubborn belly.
Therapy of epigastric ruptures normally includes surgery, yet your physician will talk about all your options with you carefully.
Incisional Hernia.
A hernia that happens in the location of a previous surgical treatment is known as an incisional rupture. These hernias might happen when the abdominal wall surface has actually been weakened by surgical procedure, or when a medical incision ends up being infected, more deteriorating the area.
Incisional hernias are fairly usual because medical incisions compromise the abdominal location. That weak point makes it much easier for a part of the intestinal tract or various other cells to protrude.
Incisional hernias can establish right after surgery, or they can establish slowly, over months or perhaps years. They usually happen along with upright cuts. Incisional ruptures often tend to be large and also rather painful.
Incisional ruptures will certainly not recover by themselves. Talk to your doctor for more information regarding your therapy options.
Spigelian Hernia.
Spigelian ruptures happen throughout the spigelian fascia. Unlike various other kinds of hernias, which create immediately below layers of fat, spigelian hernias occur in the midst of abdominal muscles. This means that spigelian ruptures might not be promptly visible as a bulge or swelling. They can go unnoticed for longer periods of time.
Because spigelian ruptures have a tendency to be small, the threat of creating a strangulated hernia is greater.
Spigelian hernias often tend to take place even more hardly ever than various other sorts of ruptures.
Umbilical Hernia.
An umbilical rupture takes place when a weak spot in the tummy enables a little fat, liquid, or intestine to push through, creating a swelling or lump near the tummy switch.
Umbilical hernias frequently happen in babies. In most cases, these ruptures will certainly recover on their own. Sometimes, nonetheless, surgical procedure might be required.
Umbilical ruptures additionally happen in adults, particularly those with wellness problems that cause enhanced stress in the stomach. Those concerns might consist of obesity, pregnancy, chronic coughing or irregular bowel movements, and difficulty urinating.
Because they often tend to grow larger gradually, umbilical ruptures require treatment. Therapy generally involves surgery, yet your doctor will discuss all your options with you carefully. Without therapy, you are at danger of establishing a strangulated hernia, which means that blood supply to the tissue has actually been cut off. Strangulation is life threatening and requires emergency surgical treatment.
Symptoms.
Stomach wall hernias are typically visible: they will certainly resemble a swelling or bulge below the skin. These ruptures do not typically trigger any other signs and symptoms except for mild discomfort or pain, normally when you are stressing (for instance, raising something heavy).
If the rupture comes to be strangulated, however, you might experience much more major signs, such as serious pain, queasiness, throwing up, and/or inflammation in the location of the hernia. Get in touch with your medical professional immediately if you begin to experience these signs and symptoms. A strangulated rupture is life-threatening.
Reasons.
Abdominal wall surface hernias can take place in people of any kind of age, consisting of babies. However, the danger of developing a hernia often tends to raise as you age. Most stomach wall surface ruptures are brought on by an area of weakness in the abdominal walls. A number of various variables can add to the growth of that weak point. These factors consist of:.
Aging.
Persistent coughing.
Collagen vascular condition.
Constant heavy lifting.
Genetic defects.
Background of previous hernias.
Infection (particularly following surgical procedure).
Injuries to the abdominal area.
Excessive weight.
Maternity.
Stressing throughout defecation or urination.
Surgical openings.
Medical diagnosis.
In many cases, your medical professional will certainly have the ability to establish whether you are in truth suffering from a hernia simply by looking and by delicately palpating the afflicted area.
If for one reason or another a diagnosis isn’t right away noticeable, your medical professional may choose to get an imaging test, such as a stomach ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. These imaging tests can aid to reveal the hole in the muscular tissue wall surface, along with the tissue protruding from it.
Therapy.
Abdominal wall hernias that have no associated signs might not require any kind of therapy whatsoever. Your medical professional will certainly discuss your alternatives with you which may consist of surgery or careful waiting.
Bigger hernias, nevertheless, or ruptures that are triggering discomfort, may require medical repair service to eliminate pain in addition to avoid issues.
There are two kinds of surgical rupture repair work: open and also minimally invasive surgery. The type of surgery selected will certainly depend upon the intensity and kind of hernia you’ve developed, the anticipated recuperation time, your previous clinical and also medical background, and your doctor’s know-how.
Open up Surgical treatment: Throughout this procedure, your cosmetic surgeon will make a small incision into your groin, and afterwards push the sticking out cells back right into your abdominal area. Your specialist will then finish the weakened location. In many cases, your specialist will certainly make use of a mesh to reinforce that damaged location.
Open up surgical procedure can be executed either with general anesthesia or with sedation or regional anesthesia.
After your surgical procedure, it could be several weeks before you have the ability to fully resume your typical activities. Nonetheless, it’s still important that you begin stiring once more immediately for a much healthier recovery.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedure: Minimally intrusive surgery is commonly carried out under basic anesthesia.
Throughout this procedure, your surgeon will make a couple of tiny incisions in your abdominal area. Your specialist will certainly then inflate your abdominal areas, making use of a special gas, in order to make your interior body organs simpler to see.
Your surgeon will then put a tiny, slim tube right into among the incisions in your abdomen. This tube has a tiny video camera, or laparoscope, at the end of it. That electronic camera acts as a type of guide for your cosmetic surgeon, who is after that able to place medical instruments with the other lacerations in your abdominal area. Your doctor will certainly fix the hernia making use of as well as might make use of mesh.
Individuals who are prospects for minimally intrusive surgical procedure may experience less scarring and also discomfort adhering to surgery than those who undertake open surgical treatment. People may likewise be able to return faster to their normal activities.
Your medical professionals will certainly speak with you in detail about every one of your therapy options as well as will certainly suggest a course of action finest matched to your private needs.
An umbilical rupture (ομφαλοκήλη ).
An umbilical hernia is an unusual bulge that can be seen or really felt at the umbilicus (stubborn belly button). This rupture establishes when a section of the cellular lining of the abdominal area, part of the intestinal tract, and also/ or fluid from the abdomen, comes through the muscle of the stomach wall.
Umbilical ruptures are common, occurring in 10 percent to 20 percent of all kids. They are, however, much more common in African-Americans.
Reduced birth weight as well as premature babies are additionally more probable to have an umbilical hernia. Kids and also girls are just as affected.
Causes of Umbilical Rupture.
As the fetus creates during pregnancy, there is a small opening in the abdominal muscles that permits the umbilical cord to travel through, attaching mommy to baby.
As the child grows after birth, this opening in the stomach muscles closes. Sometimes, however, these muscular tissues do not meet as well as expand with each other entirely, and also a tiny opening remains. This opening is called an umbilical rupture.
Signs and Symptoms of Umbilical Rupture.
Umbilical ruptures appear as a bulge or swelling in the tummy button location. The swelling might end up being extra obvious when the baby sobs, as well as may lessen or vanish when the infant is quiet. If a medical professional gently pushes on the lump when a child is lying down and calm, it will typically obtain smaller sized or return into the abdominal area.
In some cases the intestinal tracts get caught within the umbilical rupture. This is referred to as a jailed rupture. When this takes place, the child normally has extreme discomfort as well as the lump might be firm and red. Immediate clinical analysis to leave out a jailed rupture is needed in order to avoid possible damage to the intestinal tracts. It is uncommon for this to happen.
Diagnosis of Umbilical Rupture.
Checkup by a doctor can identify an umbilical rupture and can likewise establish if there are any kind of abdominal components captured in the rupture sac.
Treatment for Umbilical Rupture.
Many umbilical hernias close automatically by ages 3 to 4. If closure does not happen by now, medical repair is generally suggested. In younger youngsters, if there is an episode of incarceration or if the hernia is very large, surgical repair work may be advised.
Surgical treatment to repair the hernia is carried out under basic anesthesia.
A small laceration is made at the base of the tummy button. If any intestine is present in the rupture, it is positioned back right into the abdominal cavity. The opening in the muscle is then fixed with multiple layers of stitches to stop one more rupture. A dressing and/ or laceration adhesive is put to keep the stomach switch level.
While early babies and kids with specific clinical problems might need overnight observation in the medical facility, the majority of youngsters have the ability to return home within a few hours after surgical procedure.
Long-Term Expectation.
When the hernia is closed, it is not likely that it will return. However, the danger of recurrence is raised in patients who have wound infections following surgery.